Melting Mountains

By AJAY CHHIBBER and ANDREAS SCHILD of The NYTimes

The roof of the world is springing a dangerous leak. Accelerated melting of glaciers and changes in rainfall patterns in the high Himalayan mountain chain are posing a growing risk to people’s lives and livelihoods in the 10 river basins downstream.

Rivers that flow from these mountains wind their way through thousands of kilometers of grazing, agricultural and forest lands, and are a source of irrigation, drinking water and energy for some 1.3 billion people who live in the river basins. But the glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya range are shrinking at a fast pace.

Any long-term loss of natural fresh- water storage is likely to have severe effects on communities downstream. One relatively recent occurrence is the formation of lakes behind glacial debris that can burst and cause “glacial lake outburst floods,” or Glofs. These can do considerable damage downstream.

Perhaps even more important are changes in the magnitude and frequency of rainfall, which, in combination with a reduced amount of snow and ice, could have substantial impact on the availability of water. The effect on food production could be catastrophic.

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Three Gorges Dam: Through the Lens of the Artist

Fifteen years after construction started, the reservoir of the Three Gorges Dam will reach its final height in the next few days. After 1.3 million people have been displaced and up to $88 billion have been spent, it is time to take stock.

International Rivers hosts a flurry of media including photography, video, painting, drawing music and film shot over the years of construction…

Photographs

Three Gorges Dam Image Gallery
International Rivers
Artists: Steven Benson, Chris De Bode

Chen Nong: San Xia - Curatorial Projects
Thomas Kellner: Photography in Art

Paintings

The Three Gorges Project: Paintings by Liu Xiaodong
Asian Art Museum and the Mary Boone Gallery, New York

Displacement: The Three Gorges Dam and Contemporary Chinese Art
Displacement is on U.S. tour through 2010.
Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago

Selected Works of Yun-Fei Ji
James Cohan Gallery, New York

Drawings

Drawings (2008-2009) - China Three Gorges Dam Project
Joy Garnett

Three Gorges Dam Series - Paintings and Work on Paper
Rick Camire

Music

Yangtze Journey
This piece is premiering on the slideshow for the first time.
Jeff Fallen

Film

“Rhapsody on Farewell” (2002), “River, River” (2005), “Color Lines” (2006), “The Garden” (2007)
Chen Quilin

Follow this link for them all at International Rivers

Celebrating 40 years of the net

By Mark Ward | Technology correspondent, BBC News

It has often been said that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. For the internet, that first step was more of a stumble.

At 2100, on 29 October 1969, engineers 400 miles apart at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) and Stanford Research Institute (SRI) prepared to send data between the first nodes of what was then known as Arpanet.

It got the name because it was commissioned by the US Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (Arpa).

The fledgling network was to be tested by Charley Kline attempting to remotely log in to a Scientific Data Systems computer that resided at SRI.

Kline typed an “L” and then asked his colleague Bill Duvall at SRI via a telephone headset if the letter had arrived.

It had.

Kline typed an “O”. Duvall said that arrived too.

Kline typed a “G”. Duvall could only report that the system had crashed.

They got it working again by 22:30 and everything went fine. After that first misstep, the network almost never put a foot wrong. The rest has made history.

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The map that changed the world

Drawn half a millennium ago and then swiftly forgotten, one map made us see the world as we know it today… and helped name America. But, as Toby Lester of The BBC has discovered, the most powerful nation on earth also owes its name to a pun.

In the summer of 1901, while doing research in the library of Wolfegg Castle, in southern Germany, a Jesuit geography teacher named Joseph Fischer stumbled across the Schoner folio and quickly realized what he had found.

Within months his discovery was international news. “LONG SOUGHT MAP DISCOVERED,” a New York Times headline announced in March of 1902. “EARLIEST KNOWN RECORD OF THE WORD AMERICA FINALLY BROUGHT TO LIGHT.”

The map remained in the Wolfegg collection for the next hundred years - until 2003, when the US Library of Congress announced, with great fanfare, that it had acquired the map from the castle’s owner for the staggering sum of $10m.

It was the highest price the library had ever paid for anything in its vast collection. Proudly, in its press release the library referred to the map as America’s “birth certificate”

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China’s dams are sinking its relationship with India

From Probe International

The operators of the Three Gorges Dam are continuing to export their hydro-power schemes to countries around the globe. The latest destination is Pakistan.

According to recent reports, Pakistan’s Ministry of Water and Power has signed a number of memorandum of understanding (MOU) with China’s Three Gorges Dam Project Corporation. The MOUs concern the Bunji Hydropower Project, a $7-$-billion dollar project that is expected to produce 7,000-8,000 MW of power, and the Diamer-Bhasha dam, a $12.6-billion dam that is expected to produce 4,500 MW of power.

The agreements between the Three Gorges Dam Project Corporation and the Pakistan government are on a BOOT—build, operate, own and transfer—basis.

Both of the dams will be built in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. India and Pakistan have fought two wars over the Kashmir region, which each country administers in part, but both claim in full.

The announcement that China will help construct the two dams in the disputed Kashmir region comes after an announcement from the Pakistan government last month of a new autonomy package for the Northern Areas of Kashmir, renamed as Gilgit-Baltistan. India says the new law “is yet another cosmetic exercise intended to camouflage Pakistan’s illegal occupation.”

At the same time, India has lodged complaints about the construction of the Bunji and Diamer-Bhasha dams—which are in the newly named Gilgit-Baltistan—with Chinese assistance. Both India and Pakistan consider the Northern Areas as part of the larger Jammu and Kashmir dispute.

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